What Are Underwater Cutting Techniques? | Applications on Steel and Composite Materials
What Are Underwater Cutting Techniques? | Applications on Steel and Composite Materials
Underwater cutting techniques are specialized methods used for the repair, dismantling, or modification of submerged structures. These techniques allow precise work on steel, composite, and other marine-grade materials. Underwater cutting is commonly used on ship hulls, platform legs, wrecks, and pipeline systems.
What Is Underwater Cutting?
Underwater cutting involves slicing metal or composite materials while submerged, using specialized diver tools and techniques. The process is executed with tools that operate at high temperatures and pressure, and the method is chosen based on the material type and thickness.
Main Underwater Cutting Techniques
- Thermal Cutting (Oxy-Arc Cutting): The most common method for steel materials, using electrodes and pure oxygen to create high-temperature cuts.
- Mechanical Cutting: Uses hydraulic shears or underwater grinders. It is low-risk and ideal for composite and thin metals.
- Abrasive Water Jet: Utilizes high-pressure water with abrasive particles for precision cutting. Often used for composite surfaces.
- Laser-Assisted Systems: A newer generation of underwater cutting technology, typically operated via ROV systems.
Equipment Used
- Oxy-arc cutting units
- Hydraulic shears
- High-pressure water jet systems
- Diver suits with proper breathing systems
- Visual monitoring and communication systems
Applications on Steel and Composite Materials
Steel materials are typically processed quickly and efficiently via oxy-arc cutting. For composite materials, abrasive water jets or mechanical tools are preferred due to the need for precision. In both cases, surface cleaning and post-cut inspection are essential.
Safety Precautions
Due to the inherent risks, underwater cutting must be performed by certified professionals. Electrical hazards, low visibility, and pressure conditions must be carefully managed. Every operation should include backup air systems and emergency protocols.
Conclusion
Underwater cutting techniques enable precise interventions on steel and composite surfaces when executed with the right tools and methods. These techniques are vital for ensuring operational continuity and structural safety in marine environments.